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S. K. Gangopadhyay , S. Nath , S. P. Banerjee , S. K. Banerjee , P. K. Das

Abstract

Morphology and physiochemical characteristics of three soils within the altitudinal range of 315 to 1490m under different vegetal cover of South Sikkim forests are discussed. The soils are acidic with fairly high content of organic matter and total nitrogen. Exchangeable calcium is maximum at the surface of all the soils and highest under mixed broad-leaved species. Humic acid content decreases down the profile. The properties of the three soils differ fairly widely and the difference can primarily be attributed to differences in physiograpby reflected through differences in vegetal cover and ultimately in the resultant soils. The three soils have been classified upto sub-group level according to Soil Taxonomy.

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S. Nath , P. K. Das , S. K. Gangopadhyay , S. K. Banerjee , Balvinder Singh

Abstract

The growth of different forest species planted in road-sides and canal-banks has been correlated with the soil attributes in coastal zone of Midnapore district, West Bengal. Some of the sites having better nutritional status accelerates the growth of some selected species. On the basis of the results some species have been recommended for Social Forestry Programme under the said soil condition in a given climatic zone.

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S. Nath , P. K. Das , S. K. Gangopadhyay , Balvinder Singh , S. K. Banerjee

Abstract

Height and girth increment of different forest tree species planted along road-sides, canal and river banks, wastelands and along railway tracks have been studied and correlated with soil attributes of lateritic soil zone of Midnapore district, West Bengal. Some of the sites having better nutritional status accelerated the growth of some selected species. On the basis of the results some species have been identified and recommended for planting in the lateritic belt to meet the demand for fuel wood and fodder.

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S. K. Gangopadhyay , S. Nath , P. K. Das , S. K. Banerjee

Abstract

The above-ground biomass production in coppice sal in the lateritic region of West Bengal reveals that wood contributes the largest share of tbe total biomass followed by bark, branch, leaves, and twigs. Largest biomass production is observed in 8 years old coppice sal. The biomass production is highly correlated wilh total K₂O aod P₂O₆ of the soil and the age, height and girth of the stands. The wood biomass is highly correlaled with total Ca and Mg of the soil.

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S. Nath , P. K. Das , S. K. Gangopadhyay , K. S. Kapoor , Balvinder Singh , S. K. Banerjee

Abstract

The growth of forest tree species planted along road sides, canal banks and railway tract has been correlated with the soil attributes in Alluvial soil zone of Midnapore district, West Bengal. Some of the sites having better nutritional status accelerate the growth of some selected species. On the basis of the results some quick growing species for Social Forestry programme and range of soil characteristics most suitable for optimum growth of plants in a given climatic condition have been recommended.

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S. K. Banerjee , S. Nath , Balvinder Singh , P. K. Das , S. K. Gangopadhyay

Abstract

The nature and properties of some sal (Shorea robusta) growing soils in the tarai region of North-eastern Himalayas were studied in order to evaluate the characteristic of the soils supporting the species It was found that since sal is growing well in this area, the characteristics and nature of the soils should be favourable for the growth and development of the species Ranges of Some Of the soil sutributes suitable for the optimum growth of the species under more or less similar climatic conditions were assessed.

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S. K. Banerjee , Balvinder Singh , S. Nath , A. Nandi , S. K. Gangopadhyay

Abstract

The nature and properties of some coppice Sal (Shorea robusta) growing soils in the lateritic region of W. Bengal were studied in order to evaluate tbe characteristics of the soils supporting this species. Out of 31 sites, 23 sites bad GBH greater than the table values suggesting tbat these sites were very much favourable for optimum growth of Sal (coppice). Ranges of some of the soil attributes suitable for the optimum growth of the species under more or less similar climatic conditions were assessed.

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S. K. Gangopadhyay , S. Nath , S. K. Banerjee

Abstract

Nature and properties of some introduced teak (Tectona grandis) growing solis of Nort-west Bengal were studied in order to evaluate the characteristics of the solis supporting the species. It was found that since teak was growing well in the area, the characteristics and nature of the solis must be favourable for the growth and development of the species. Information from other good teak growing areas will help to generalise the range of the characteristics of the soils suitable for the species.

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S. B. Singh , S. K. Gangopadhyay , S. K. Banerjee

Abstract

Properties of termite (Odontotormes obesus) galleries developed on the stem of different living plants and termite mounds of the area Were compared. The study revealed that galleries. Contained greater concentration of calcium, magnesium and potassium than the mounds suggesting that the activities of termite, during gallery formation enhanced the nutrient status of the medium. The present study shows that the enhanced nutrients were derived from the bark of the plants used by termite as food and concentrations of the nutrients in the galleries depended both on the concentration of nutrients in the bark and on the amount of bark used as termite food.

Keywords

Termite Soil Properties

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S. K. Gangopadhyay ¹, T. Bhattacharyya ², Dipak Sarkar ²

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (ICAR), Regional Centre, Kolkata 700 091, IN
2 National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (ICAR), Amravati Road, Nagpur 440 033, IN

Abstract

Hydromorphic soils that have developed on gently to very gently sloping flood plain areas of Tripura, North East India under humid tropical climate, were studied for characterization with reference to the degree of hydromorphism. The soils are characterized by the redoximorphic features, viz. mottling, gley with chroma 2 or less, and have a typical gley colour from the surface to subsoil, mostly influenced by the high groundwater level. These soils support the granary of the state. The degree of hydromorphism in these soils has been determined by the extent and distribution of mottles and gley in the profiles, which reflects the effect of the fluctuating groundwater table and depth of the permanent water table. The soils are deep to very deep with varying texture and drainage classes and have some common characters during pedogenesis under impeded drainage condition. Soils are acidic, medium to high in organic carbon, low in cation exchange capacity (CEC) and medium to high in base status. The low value of 1N KCl extractable Al⁺³ corroborates relatively high proportion of hydroxyinterlayered vermiculitic clay mineral present in the soil. Soil texture is found to be the key factor in developing hydromorphism as well as soil organic carbon stock in the hydromorphic soils of Tripura. Translocation of clay and free iron oxide (Fe_d) is generally prominent in the soils with medium to coarse texture. Based on the physical and chemical properties and the hydromorphic index, the soils can be arranged as Nayanpur > Dukli II > Dharaichherra > Dukli I > Goachand to indicate the degrees of hydromorphism.

Keywords

Gley, Hydromorphic Soils, Mottles, Soil Organic Carbon.

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D. Gangopadhyay ¹, S. K. Dutta ¹, S. R. Chakrabarti ¹, S. K. Gangopadhyay ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Dairy Technology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, P.O. Krishi Viswavidyalaya-741 252, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

Rasogolla is a chhana based milk sweet highly popular in India, particularly in tine eastern states. Cow's milk is preferred over buffalo milk for preparation of rasogolla as it yields soft and smooth body and spongy texture. Market samples of rasogolla varies widely not only in chemical composition and microbial quality but also in Theological/textural parameters, flavour and appearance. Few attempts have been made in the direction of systematic study on quality of market rasogolla considering its chemical composition, microbiological standards and textural parameters.

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A. Biswas ¹, S. K. Gangopadhyay ¹, S. R. Chakrabarti ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Dairy Technology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Mohanpur, Campus, Nadia, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

Impressive gains have been made in our countries annual milk production since the inception of operation flood in 1970. Now India has gained first position in respect of milk production which is 70 million metric tonnes. But the per capita availability of milk is much below than recommended international label which is 280 g/day. Production of milk in our country is localised and also varies with season. This causes difficulty in getting fresh fluid milk. The problem of shortage of milk is further aggravated by the sweet makers and confectioners who use liquid milk to manufacture products. Increasing human population, utilization of milk by unorganised sectors, conversions of milk to indigenous products are responsible for the shortage of fresh fluid milk.

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S. K. Gangopadhyay ¹, S. R. Chakrabarti ¹, M. P. Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Dairy Technology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Mohanpur, Nadia, W.B. 741252, IN

Abstract

Rasogolla is one of the most popular milk product of India. Method for preparation of rasogolla from cow milk chana has been standardized.

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S. K. Gangopadhyay ¹, S. R. Chakrabarti ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Dairy Technology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia-741252, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

The annual milk production in India is about 44 million metric tonnes, but still there is acute shortage of fluid milk in the country. The per capita consumption of fluid milk per person per day is much below the recommended level. A large amount of milk is procured by the sweet-meat shops and is converted to various milk sweets.

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